feat: Implement multi-pass rendering using WebGL framebuffers and integrate random texture generation directly into the shader background component.

frontend/src/ShaderBackground.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
-import { createAndBindRandomTextureToIChannel0 } from "./randomTextureForShader";
+import { generateRandomRGBABytes } from "./randomTextureForShader";
 
 const buffer_1 = `#version 300 es
 precision mediump float;
@@ -964,51 +964,227 @@ export function ShaderBackground() {
       }
     }
 
+    const frameBufferTexture = gl.createTexture();
+    if (!frameBufferTexture) return;
+
+    gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, frameBufferTexture);
+    gl.texImage2D(
+      gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+      0,
+      gl.RGBA,
+      canvas.width,
+      canvas.height,
+      0,
+      gl.RGBA,
+      gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+      null
+    );
+    gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
+    gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
+
+    const frameBufferTexture2 = gl.createTexture();
+    if (!frameBufferTexture2) return;
+
+    gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, frameBufferTexture2);
+    gl.texImage2D(
+      gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+      0,
+      gl.RGBA,
+      canvas.width,
+      canvas.height,
+      0,
+      gl.RGBA,
+      gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+      null
+    );
+    gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
+    gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.LINEAR);
+
+    const frameBuffer = gl.createFramebuffer();
+    if (!frameBuffer) return;
+
+    gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBuffer);
+
+    gl.framebufferTexture2D(
+      gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,
+      gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+      gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+      frameBufferTexture,
+      0
+    );
+
+    const status = gl.checkFramebufferStatus(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER);
+    switch (status) {
+      case gl.FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE:
+        console.log("Framebuffer is complete");
+        break;
+      case gl.FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_ATTACHMENT:
+        console.log("Framebuffer is incomplete attachment");
+        break;
+      case gl.FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_MISSING_ATTACHMENT:
+        console.log("Framebuffer is incomplete missing attachment");
+        break;
+      case gl.FRAMEBUFFER_INCOMPLETE_DIMENSIONS:
+        console.log("Framebuffer is incomplete dimensions");
+        break;
+      case gl.FRAMEBUFFER_UNSUPPORTED:
+        console.log("Framebuffer is unsupported");
+        break;
+      default:
+        console.log("Framebuffer is unknown");
+    }
+
+    const posBuffer = gl.createBuffer();
+    gl.bindBuffer(gl.ARRAY_BUFFER, posBuffer);
+    gl.bufferData(
+      gl.ARRAY_BUFFER,
+      new Float32Array([0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1]),
+      gl.STATIC_DRAW
+    );
+
+    const ichannel0_location_buffer_1 = gl.getUniformLocation(
+      buffer_1_program as WebGLProgram,
+      "iChannel0"
+    );
+
+    const ichannel0_location_buffer_2 = gl.getUniformLocation(
+      buffer_2_program as WebGLProgram,
+      "iChannel0"
+    );
+
+    const ichannel0_location_buffer_3 = gl.getUniformLocation(
+      buffer_3_program as WebGLProgram,
+      "iChannel0"
+    );
+
+    const ichannel0_location_buffer_4 = gl.getUniformLocation(
+      buffer_4_program as WebGLProgram,
+      "iChannel0"
+    );
+
+    const ichannel0_location_final = gl.getUniformLocation(
+      finalProgram as WebGLProgram,
+      "iChannel0"
+    );
+
     function render(
       gl: WebGL2RenderingContext,
       canvas: HTMLCanvasElement,
       now: number
     ) {
+      gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBuffer);
+
       //Clear with Clear color
       gl.clear(gl.COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 
       gl.useProgram(buffer_1_program);
       setResolution(buffer_1_program as WebGLProgram, canvas, gl);
       setTime(buffer_1_program as WebGLProgram, now, gl);
-      const tex = createAndBindRandomTextureToIChannel0(
+      const bytes = generateRandomRGBABytes(canvas.width, canvas.height);
-        gl,
+
-        buffer_1_program as WebGLProgram,
+      const tex = gl.createTexture();
-        canvas.width,
+      if (!tex) throw new Error("Failed to create texture");
-        canvas.height
+
-      );
+      // Activate texture unit 0 and bind the texture
       gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
       gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
 
+      // Texture parameters suitable for data textures
+      gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
+      gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
+      gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+      gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
+
+      // Upload pixel data as RGBA UNSIGNED_BYTE
+      gl.pixelStorei(gl.UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
+      gl.texImage2D(
+        gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+        0,
+        gl.RGBA,
+        canvas.width,
+        canvas.height,
+        0,
+        gl.RGBA,
+        gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
+        bytes
+      );
+
+      // Set sampler uniform to texture unit 0
+      gl.uniform1i(ichannel0_location_buffer_1, 0);
+
       // RENDER 1
-      gl.drawBuffers([gl.BACK]);
+      gl.framebufferTexture2D(
+        gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,
+        gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+        gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+        frameBufferTexture,
+        0
+      );
+      gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
 
       gl.useProgram(buffer_2_program);
       setResolution(buffer_2_program as WebGLProgram, canvas, gl);
 
       // RENDER 2
-      gl.drawBuffers([gl.BACK]);
+      gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE1);
+      gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, frameBufferTexture);
+      gl.uniform1i(ichannel0_location_buffer_2, 1);
+      gl.framebufferTexture2D(
+        gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,
+        gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+        gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+        frameBufferTexture2,
+        0
+      );
+      gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
 
       gl.useProgram(buffer_3_program);
       setResolution(buffer_3_program as WebGLProgram, canvas, gl);
 
       // RENDER 3
-      gl.drawBuffers([gl.BACK]);
+      gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE1);
+      gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, frameBufferTexture2);
+      gl.uniform1i(ichannel0_location_buffer_3, 1);
+      gl.framebufferTexture2D(
+        gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,
+        gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+        gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+        frameBufferTexture,
+        0
+      );
+      gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
 
       gl.useProgram(buffer_4_program);
       setResolution(buffer_4_program as WebGLProgram, canvas, gl);
 
       // RENDER 4
-      gl.drawBuffers([gl.BACK]);
+      gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE1);
+      gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, frameBufferTexture);
+      gl.uniform1i(ichannel0_location_buffer_4, 1);
+      gl.framebufferTexture2D(
+        gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,
+        gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+        gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+        frameBufferTexture2,
+        0
+      );
+      gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
 
       gl.useProgram(finalProgram);
       setResolution(finalProgram as WebGLProgram, canvas, gl);
 
       // FINAL RENDER
+      gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE1);
+      gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, frameBufferTexture2);
+      gl.uniform1i(ichannel0_location_final, 1);
+      gl.framebufferTexture2D(
+        gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER,
+        gl.COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
+        gl.TEXTURE_2D,
+        frameBufferTexture,
+        0
+      );
+      gl.bindFramebuffer(gl.DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, null);
       gl.drawArrays(gl.TRIANGLES, 0, 6);
     }
 
@@ -1024,5 +1200,7 @@ export function ShaderBackground() {
     requestAnimationFrame(update);
   }, []);
 
-  return <canvas ref={canvasRef} />;
+  return (
+    <canvas ref={canvasRef} id="blackhole_canvas" width="800" height="450" />
+  );
 }

frontend/src/randomTextureForShader.ts

@@ -33,61 +33,3 @@ export function generateRandomRGBABytes(
 
   return out;
 }
-
-/**
- * Create a WebGL texture from random data and bind it to texture unit 0,
- * then set the sampler2D uniform named `iChannel0` to use unit 0.
- *
- * gl: WebGLRenderingContext or WebGL2RenderingContext
- * program: compiled & linked shader program (must be in use or will be used)
- */
-export function createAndBindRandomTextureToIChannel0(
-  gl: WebGLRenderingContext | WebGL2RenderingContext,
-  program: WebGLProgram,
-  width: number,
-  height: number
-): WebGLTexture {
-  const bytes = generateRandomRGBABytes(width, height);
-
-  const tex = gl.createTexture();
-  if (!tex) throw new Error("Failed to create texture");
-
-  // Activate texture unit 0 and bind the texture
-  gl.activeTexture(gl.TEXTURE0);
-  gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, tex);
-
-  // Texture parameters suitable for data textures
-  gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
-  gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, gl.NEAREST);
-  gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_S, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-  gl.texParameteri(gl.TEXTURE_2D, gl.TEXTURE_WRAP_T, gl.CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
-
-  // Upload pixel data as RGBA UNSIGNED_BYTE
-  gl.pixelStorei(gl.UNPACK_ALIGNMENT, 1);
-  gl.texImage2D(
-    gl.TEXTURE_2D,
-    0,
-    gl.RGBA,
-    width,
-    height,
-    0,
-    gl.RGBA,
-    gl.UNSIGNED_BYTE,
-    bytes
-  );
-
-  const location = gl.getUniformLocation(program, "iChannel0");
-  if (location === null) {
-    // Clean up binding and return but signal with thrown error if desired
-    gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, null);
-    throw new Error("Uniform 'iChannel0' not found in program");
-  }
-
-  // Set sampler uniform to texture unit 0
-  gl.uniform1i(location, 0);
-
-  // Unbind the texture if you prefer (not strictly necessary)
-  gl.bindTexture(gl.TEXTURE_2D, null);
-
-  return tex;
-}